• 3.3 - Calvin Cycle (LIR)

  • Nov 10 2024
  • Length: 13 mins
  • Podcast

3.3 - Calvin Cycle (LIR)

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  • Summary

  • Location: Takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.

    • Phases of the Calvin Cycle:

      1. Carbon Fixation:
      2. Reduction Phase:
      3. Regeneration of RuBP:

    • Key Enzyme:

      • RuBisCO is the primary enzyme, acting as both a carboxylase and an oxygenase.
      • Can bind to CO₂ (carboxylation) or O₂ (oxygenation), the latter leading to photorespiration, which reduces efficiency.

    • Energy Requirement:

      • For each full turn of the cycle (producing 1 G3P):
      • To produce one glucose molecule, the cycle must run twice, requiring:

    • Products:

      • G3P is the direct product, which can be used to form glucose and other carbohydrates.

    • Photorespiration Issue:

      • Occurs when RuBisCO fixes O₂ instead of CO₂, leading to wasteful energy loss.
      • More likely in hot, dry climates when stomata close to conserve water.

    • Adaptations:

      • C4 and CAM plants have evolved mechanisms to minimize photorespiration and improve efficiency, which will be explored further.
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