• 3.4 - CAM and C4 plants

  • Nov 10 2024
  • Length: 11 mins
  • Podcast

3.4 - CAM and C4 plants

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  • Summary

  • C4 Plants

    • Examples: Maize, sugarcane, sorghum.
    • Adaptation: Found in hot, dry environments to minimize photorespiration.
    • Key Enzyme: PEP carboxylase, which has a high affinity for CO₂ and does not react with O₂, reducing photorespiration.

    Pathway:

    • CO₂ + PEP (3C) → Oxaloacetate (4C) → Malate (4C).
    • Malate is transported to bundle-sheath cells, where CO₂ is released for the Calvin cycle.



    CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) Plants

    • Examples: Pineapple, cacti, succulents.
    • Adaptation: Found in arid environments; adapted to conserve water.
    • Stomata Behavior: Stomata open at night to minimize water loss.
    • Key Enzyme: PEP carboxylase, similar to C4 plants, used for initial carbon fixation at night.

    Pathway:

    • CO₂ + PEP → Oxaloacetate (4C) → Malate (4C), which is stored in vacuoles as malic acid overnight.
    • During the day, malic acid is broken down to release CO₂ for the Calvin cycle.
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