「自営型」で働く時代――ジョブ型雇用はもう古い!
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Narrated by:
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初村 健矢
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By:
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太田 肇
About this listen
自営業のように一人でまとまった仕事をこなす「自営型」呼ぶべき働き方は、生産性向上と人材不足対策の切り札になる!
「働き方改革」といえば数年前までは長時間労働の是正がメインテーマだったが、労働時間の短縮が急速に進んだ結果、主役の座はジョブ型の導入に移った感がある。ビジネスの世界でも、「日本の伝統的なメンバーシップ型から欧米式のジョブ型へ」というフレーズが、あたかも既定路線のように独り歩きしている。
しかし冷静に考えれば日本式のメンバーシップ型か、欧米式のジョブ型かという単純な二項対立図式が、いかに現実をとらえる視線をゆがめているかがわかるはずだ。たとえば日本人労働者のほぼ四割を占めるパート、アルバイト、派遣といった非正規従業員はメンバーシップ型よりジョブ型雇用に近いし、欧米企業でも上級管理職は「ジョブ」というより「ミッション」に基づいて仕事をする。ついでにいえばアルバイトやインターネット経由で単発の仕事を請け負うギグワーカーの労働条件を見たら、ジョブ型の未来が必ずしもバラ色でないことは容易に想像できるだろう。
ビジネスや労働の世界では、新たな第三の働き方が静かに、しかし急速に広がっている。そして企業の経営者も、働く人々も、めざしている視線の先はそちらを向いている。雇用かフリーランスか、言い換えれば組織に属しているか否かにかかわらず、半ば自営業のようにある程度まとまった仕事を一人でこなす「自営型」と呼ぶべき働き方である。
本書では新たな働き方のモデルとして、なぜジョブ型ではなく「自営型」なのか、自営型の絶対的な優位性はどこにあるのか、その恩恵を企業、個人、社会が得るには何を、どう変えていくべきかについて、具体的な事例やデータを盛り込みながら解説していく。
【著者紹介】
[著]太田 肇(おおた・はじめ)
経済学博士。同志社大学政策学部教授(大学院総合政策科学研究科教授を兼任)。
兵庫県出身。日本における組織論の第一人者として著作のほか、マスコミでの発言、講演なども積極的にこなす。また猫との暮らしがNHKで紹介されるなど、愛猫家としても知られる。近著は、『何もしないほうが得な日本 ― 社会に広がる「消極的利己主義」の構造』(PHP新書、二〇二二年)、『日本人の承認欲求 ― テレワークがさらした深層』(新潮新書、二〇二二年)、『同調圧力の正体』(PHP新書、二〇二一年)、『「承認欲求」の呪縛』(新潮新書、二〇一九年)。著書の文章は大学入試問題などに頻出。
『プロフェッショナルと組織』で組織学会賞、『仕事人と組織 ― インフラ型への企業革新』で経営科学文献賞、『ベンチャー企業の「仕事」』で中小企業研究奨励賞本賞を受賞。ほかに著書三〇冊以上。
【目次抜粋】
第一章 日本企業の病根はどこに?
01コロナ禍、IT化で露呈した日本企業の「弱み」
02日本低迷の原因は共同体型組織にある
第二章 ジョブ型への幻想
01救世主登場?
02立ちはだかる厚い壁
03ジョブ型は時代遅れ?
第三章 自営型という新たな選択肢
01自営業復活の追い風
02雇用と自営が地続きに
03組織はインフラに
第四章 台頭する自営型社員
01「職人」への回帰
02分業制から「一気通貫制」へ
第五章 日本企業の「強み」とは何か
01日本的経営の「捨てる」顔と、「生かす」顔
02知的熟練論、知識創造論、擦り合わせ論の着眼点
第六章 自営型でこそ生かせる日本の「強み」
01集団作業の限界を超える――「統合された知」の発揮
02「やる気の天井」を破る――意欲が飛躍的に高まる理由
03幸福度四七位からの逆転を
第七章 “ジャパンアズナンバーワン”の復活へ
01「後発者の優位」を生かす
02「社内」最適から「社会」最適へ
03「自営型社会」のモデルは足下に
本タイトルには付属資料・PDFが用意されています。ご購入後、PCサイトのライブラリー、またはアプリ上の「目次」からご確認ください。
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