
犠牲者意識ナショナリズム
国境を超える「記憶」の戦争
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Narrated by:
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水越 健
About this listen
犠牲者なのか、加害者なのか?
その疑問から記憶を巡る旅が始まった!
韓国の各メディアが絶賛した話題作、待望の翻訳!
***
2007年1月18日朝、新聞を広げた私は首をひねった。購読する進歩系と保守系の新聞どちらも、『ヨーコの物語』(邦訳:『竹林はるか遠く:日本人少女ヨーコの戦争体験記』を批判する記事が文化面トップを飾っていたのだ。どうということのない本のように思えたが、驚くほど大きな記事だった。
韓国メディアの激しい批判は、「韓国民族イコール被害者」「日本民族イコール加害者」という二分法が揺さぶられたことへの当惑を表すものだったのだろう。避難する日本人女性を脅し、強姦する加害者という韓国人のイメージが日本の植民地支配に免罪符を与え、歴史を歪曲するという憂慮が行間から読み取れた。
その心情は理解できるものの、その二分法が常に正しいわけではない。韓国が日本の植民地主義の被害者だったというのは民族という構図でなら正しいが、個人のレベルでは朝鮮人が加害者に、日本人が被害者になる場合もある。個々人の具体的な行為ではなく、集団的所属によって加害者と被害者を分ける韓国メディアの報道は、「集合的有罪」と「集合的無罪」に対するハンナ・アーレントの批判を想起させた。
それ以上に興味深かったのは、論争の火が遠く離れた米国で広がったことだ。米国で6~8年生向け推薦図書リストにこの本が入り、ボストンとニューヨークに住む韓国系の保護者たちが2006年9月に異議を唱え始めたのが始まりだった。
『ヨーコ物語』騒動を見ながら、私はドイツとポーランド、イスラエルの記憶の戦争を思い出し、「犠牲者意識ナショナリズム」という概念を思いついた。
(はじめにより)
***
【犠牲者意識ナショナリズム】
植民地主義や二度の世界大戦、ジェノサイドで犠牲となった歴史的記憶を後の世代が継承して自分たちを悲劇の犠牲者だとみなし、道徳的・政治的な自己正当化を図るナショナリズム。グローバル化した世界で出会った各民族の記憶は、互いを参照しながら、犠牲の大きさを競い、絡み合う。記憶が引き起こす歴史認識紛争がいま、世界各地で激しさを増している。©林 志弦/澤田 克己 (P)2022 Audible, Inc.
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