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超訳 自省録 よりよく生きる (ディスカヴァークラシックシリーズ)
- Narrated by: 入江 直樹
- Length: 3 hrs and 56 mins
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Publisher's summary
マンデラ元南アフリカ大統領ほか各国のリーダーが愛読、
シリコンバレーの起業家たちも注目している
本当は哲学者になりたかったローマ皇帝による人生訓
紀元2世紀に生きたローマ皇帝マルクス・アウレリウス・アントニヌス(紀元121~180年)は、
激務のかたわら就寝前に瞑想し、その記録を続けていた。それが『自省録』だ。
マルクス・アウレリウスは、第16代のローマ皇帝として「五賢帝」の最後に位置づけられている。
五賢帝とは、ネルウァ、トラヤヌス、ハドリアヌス、アントニヌス・ピウス、マルクス・アウレリウスと続く5人の皇帝のことだ。
いずれも内政においては善政をほどこし、外政においても地中海帝国としてのローマ帝国の最盛期を実現した。
だが、五賢帝の最後となったマルクス・アウレリウスが39歳で即位したとき、
すでにローマ帝国は全盛期を過ぎており、衰退の影が見え始めていたのである。
洪水や大地震などのあいつぐ天災、戦地から兵士たちが持ち帰った感染症の蔓延(天然痘だとされている)、
東方では大国パルティア王国との戦争、北方からの蛮族ゲルマン人の侵攻、
そしてシリア属州においては信頼していた将軍の反乱など、さまざまな問題が押し寄せてきたのであった。
帝国を北方から脅かすゲルマン人との戦いの前線に設置されたドナウ河畔の陣中でも彼は『自省録』を書き続けていたが、
過酷な環境においての激務で神経をすり減らし、食も細っていたため、ついに陣中で病没する。享年59歳であった。
『自省録』は読者をまったく想定していない私的な文書である。
しかも、このギリシア語のタイトルさえ自分自身でつけたものかどうかも不明だ。
全12巻の構成じたい、いつそうなったのかも不明だ。
そもそも、なぜこの記録ノートが廃棄されることなく筆写され、伝承されてきたのかも、ほんとうのところはよくわかっていない。
『自省録』の中には、日本人にもなじみ深い内容が語られている。
「すべてが瞬間ごとに変化していること」(=無常)や、「すべてがつながっていること」(=縁起)を強調したブッダの思想にも通じるものがあり、
「いま、ここ」に集中するべきと説く禅仏教や上座仏教がルーツの「マインドフルネス」を連想させるものがある。
老子や荘子などの老荘思想が説く「タオ」(=道)にも通じる自然観がある。
しかも、21世紀の現在にも通じる宇宙観がある。
「仕方ない」ということばに体現された、きわめて日本的な運命受容と肯定の思想を見いだすこともできる。
「武士道と云ふは死ぬ事と見つけたり」という『葉隠』の思想を想起する人もいるだろう。
著名な愛読者としては、南アフリカのネルソン・マンデラ元大統領や、
米国のビル・クリントン元大統領、トランプ政権の国防長官だったマティス海兵隊退役大将(2018年12月末に解任)などがいる。
南アフリカで人種差別のアパルトヘイトと戦い投獄されたマンデラ氏は、獄中に差し入れられた『自省録』を繰り返し熟読したのだという。
27年間にも及んだ獄中生活から解放後に南アフリカの大統領に選出された際には、怒りではなく和解こそが重要だと理解したうえで、人種間の壁を越えた国民和解に努めた人であった。
クリントン元大統領は、大統領退任後には1年に1回はかならず読み直しているとインタビューで語っている
マティス米海兵隊退役大将は、「マッドドッグ」や「戦う修道士」という異名をもつ人だが、ペルシア湾やイラク、アフガニスタンでの任務の際には、つねに持参していたという。
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