In this episode of Talibanology, we are joined by leading insurgency expert Dr. Antonio Giustozzi, author of The Taliban at War, The Islamic State in Khorasan, and Empires of Mud, to dissect the secretive architecture of Taliban power—its military evolution, intelligence apparatus, and internal security logic.

We explore five critical themes:

1.Militia in Uniform? The Myth and Reality of Taliban Military Transformation
Has the Taliban truly transformed from a fragmented militia into an organised national army—or is it still a network of local commanders and fighters draped in the façade of a professional force?

2.The Rise of the General Directorate of Intelligence (GDI)
How was the Taliban’s internal intelligence body built? Is it a serious institutional actor or an ideological enforcer mimicking the statecraft of former Afghan regimes?

3.Guerrilla Logic in a State’s Clothing
Has the Taliban adapted its insurgent mindset to state governance—or is it simply repackaging guerrilla doctrine under the guise of a functioning state?

4.The ISKP Threat and the Taliban’s Counterinsurgency Playbook
Is the Taliban genuinely concerned about ISKP’s rise, or does it exaggerate the threat to tighten its own grip on power and extract concessions from the international community?

5.Surveillance, Suspicion, and Internal Control
How much of the Emirate’s intelligence infrastructure is devoted to monitoring its own ranks? Are paranoia and factionalism quietly tearing through the Taliban from within?

Finally, we ask:

Is reform within the Taliban even possible—or is the only real path to change through an internal implosion or the removal of the Emir himself?

Dr. Giustozzi brings decades of field research and piercing analysis to help us make sense of a regime that rules by fear, secrecy, and a state-in-the-making security complex.

Tune in to this unflinching look at how the Taliban governs—not just through guns and decrees but through spies, suspicion and silence.