
Calhoun
American Heretic
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Narrated by:
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Rick Perez
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By:
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Robert Elder
A new biography of the intellectual father of Southern secession - the man who set the scene for the Civil War, and whose political legacy still shapes America today.
John C. Calhoun is among the most notorious and enigmatic figures in American political history. First elected to Congress in 1810, Calhoun went on to serve as secretary of war and vice president. But he is perhaps most known for arguing in favor of slavery as a "positive good" and for his famous doctrine of "state interposition", which laid the groundwork for the South to secede from the Union - and arguably set the nation on course for civil war.
Calhoun has catapulted back into the public eye in recent years, as the strain of radical politics he developed has found expression once again in the tactics and extremism of the modern Far Right. In this revelatory biographical study, historian Robert Elder shows that Calhoun is crucial for understanding the political climate in which we find ourselves today. By excising him from the mainstream of American history, we have been left with a distorted understanding of our past and no way to explain our present.
©2021 Robert Elder (P)2021 Hachette AudioListeners also enjoyed...




















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Excellent book and performance
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A good biography spoiled (almost)
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Tyranny of the Majority
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Loved it. Thorough and I learned a great deal.
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Cautionary book against modern rewriting of history
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The narrator in this recording has a great voice, but his readings feel oddly unnatural at times, offering weird pauses and inflection points that break the rhythm of the sentence. It didn’t deter me from listening, but it was noticeable.
Overall, I’d recommend this book to anyone trying to understand a complicated figure from America’s past and the long shadow he casts on its present.
A Complicated Figure
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Excellent book ruined by poor narration
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Former vice-president, Secretary of War, State, and senator from South Carolina, John C. Calhoun, is one of the most curious figures in American history. Early in his career he was an ardent nationalist, desiring a stronger national government to defend against foreign influence. But he's best known for his later defense of slavery as a positive good providing much of the intellectual underpinning for Southern secessionism.
Of late he's become a bogeyman for both the left and right with both sides claiming at various times that the other side is acting like Calhoun the secessionist. On the one hand this is odd because Calhoun died in 1850, well before the Confederacy seceded. So while it's easy to fault Calhoun for his defenses of slavery, he was never, strictly speaking, a Confederate or secessionist.
Robert Elder's new extensive biography does a wonderful job of tracing Calhoun's intellectual development and transition. As mentioned, his early political thought was decidedly nationalist. America needed defending from foreign (read: European) states bent on taking advantage of the new nation and Calhoun was at the forefront of that, trying to ensure protective tariffs for American industry (north and south).
That desire to protect Americans slowly morphed into a sectional conflict between North and South as the impact of tariffs was felt very differently between the two. Wrapped up in all this was the South's reliance on chattel slavery to maintain their economic (and political) position. Elder does a fine job showing how Calhoun's focus slowly shifted from defending "America" writ large to the portion of America that he thought most embodied the Jeffersonian ideal (agrarian Southern).
Elder also helps the reader understand that while Calhoun became synonymous with firebrand defenses of slavery, he didn't start as such a firebrand. While secession and threats thereof has a deep history in the US from all corners -- Calhoun's defenses of slavery were, for most of his career, muted and in line with much of his Southern contemporaries and Founders -- that slavery was an evil and unfortunate institution that had to be accommodated to ensure a break from England and one that everyone would hope would just go away quietly.
As that attitude shifted, at least in the north, from passive opposition to slavery to the more moralistic abolitionist movement, the defenses of slavery became that much more "active" and started to describe it as a positive good for all involved rather than a tolerable evil.
What's most fascinating about Elder's biography is Calhoun's very nuanced theories of constitutional legitimacy and how to ensure the protection of (political) minority rights. Calhoun's theory of the "concurrent" majority--i.e. the only real way to check a purely majoritarian rule is by granting near-veto power to substantial interests/sections within a population. While it was marshalled primarily in defense of an odious practice by arguing that the interests of the various Southern classes called for the preservation of slavery, the fact that it has been used (at least implicitly, because nobody wants to quote Calhoun favorably), by both sides of the political spectrum either as a way (on the left) to promote identity politics or as a way (on the right) to check the numerical majority, the fact remains that, as Elder closes, we have much to learn from John C. Calhoun, and erasing him from our collective historical memories, or only remembering him as a caricature, does everyone a disservice.
How a nationalist became the father of secession.
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The narration is choppy and there's lots of misplaced emphasis like "war making-powers" instead of "war-making powers" but I gave it 4 stars because the narrator has a nice soothing voice which goes a long way.
Good Bio
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Calhoun was a brilliant politician who was passionate for his country and family, yet blinded by only seeing one path forward.
I appreciated the deep dive into who Calhoun was and how he became the man he was. There’s plenty to take away and plenty to leave in the history books as lessons to never be forgotten of selfish pursuit fails to allow us to see the whole picture of what can be a better future.
What a biography should be!
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