Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781) Basiswissen
Leben, Werk, Bedeutung
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Narrated by:
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René Wagner
About this listen
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing – prominentester deutscher Aufklärer.
Der erfahrene Autor und Herausgeber Bert Alexander Petzold nimmt uns mit auf eine faktenreiche Kulturreise und erläutert verständlich, unterhaltsam und strukturiert Basiswissen zu dem berühmten Denker Gotthold Ephraim Lessing.
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781) wurde in Kamenz in Sachsen als drittes von zwölf Kindern geboren. Dass fünf der Geschwister das frühe Kindesalter nicht erreichten, war damals kein ungewöhnlicher Umstand. Auf dem dann Ältesten lasteten die hohen Erwartungen des Vaters, die der Zögling noch übertraf. Nach einer Musterschulkarriere, die er 1746 am renommierten Internat St. Afra Internat ein Jahr früher abschloss, immatrikulierte sich der angehende Gelehrte in Leipzig an der theologischen Fakultät. Weder in Theologie noch später in der Medizin erreichte er vorerst einen Abschluss und entschied sich stattdessen in Berlin die freie Autorenschaft zu verfolgen. Schnell machte sich der Sachse vor allem über Rezensionen einen Namen, sein Frühwerk Der Junge Gelehrte fand damals einigen Anklang. Nach dem erfolgreichen Abschluss des Medizinstudiums 1752 in Wittenberg kehrte er nach Berlin zurück und revolutionierte mit Miss Sara Sampson die Theaterwelt, indem er das bürgerliche Trauerspiel in Deutschland etablierte. Nach einer Phase als Sekretär des preußischen Generals in Breslau kehrte er 1665 nach Berlin zurück um zwei Jahre drauf Dramaturg am neugegründeten Hamburger Nationaltheater zu werden, wo Minna von Barnhelm uraufgeführt wurde. Das Theater scheiterte, Lessing musste 1770 verarmt nach Wolfenbüttel ziehen, um dort als höfischer Bibliothekar den lebensnotwendigen Unterhalt zu bestreiten. Entgegen jedweder Erwartungen brachte Lessing aus der provinziellen Einöde Emilia Galotti und Nathan der Weise hervor, dabei war Letzterer die Exklamation, mit der er den berühmten Fragmentenstreit beendete. Seine Dramen sind wegen ihrer universellen Menschlichkeit und dem eingebetteten Glauben an Tugendhaftigkeit und Vernunft bis heute auf den deutschsprachigen Bühnen vertreten.
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