Karl Marx (1818–1883) – Basiswissen
Leben, Werke, Bedeutung
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Carsten Wilhelm
About this listen
Karl Marx – Begründer des Marxismus und Sozialismus
Der Autor und Herausgeber Bert Alexander Petzold erläutert verständlich und strukturiert Basiswissen zum Begründer des Marxismus. Karl Marx (1818–1883) wurde am 5. Mai 1818 in Trier geboren, stammte aus einer wohlhabenden jüdischen Familie und studierte, unter dem Einfluss des Philosophen Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Rechtswissenschaften und Philosophie in Bonn und Berlin. Marx trat radikalen Kreisen bei, arbeitete als Journalist und wanderte, behördlich verfolgt, im Jahr 1843 nach Paris aus.
Karl Marx und Friedrich Engels entwickelten ab 1844 in Paris die Grundlagen des wissenschaftlichen Sozialismus. Ab 1849 lebte Karl Marx, von seinem Freund Engels finanziell unterstützt, mit seiner Frau Jenny von Westphalen und den gemeinsamen Kindern in London.
Wilhelm Liebknecht arbeitete eng mit Karl Marx zusammen, um den Grundstein für die spätere Gründung der marxistisch geprägten Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands (SPD) im Jahr 1875 zu legen. Karl Marx starb international bekannt und hoch angesehen am 14. März 1883 in London. Danach verbreitete seine jüngste Tochter Eleanor Marx als engagierte Sozialistin dessen Schriften.
"Das Kommunistische Manifest" (1848), welches Karl Marx gemeinsam mit Friedrich Engels verfasste, ruft zur Vereinigung der Arbeiterklasse und zum Sturz des kapitalistischen Systems auf. Im Hauptwerk "Das Kapital" analysiert Karl Marx ausführlich die Funktionsweise des Kapitalismus des 19. Jahrhunderts.
Karl Marx entwickelte verschiedene Theorien, wie den historischen Materialismus, der besagt, dass gesellschaftliche Veränderungen durch Klassenkämpfe und materielle Bedingungen getrieben werden, ebenso die Theorie des Mehrwerts, welche erklärt, wie Kapitalisten den Gewinn aus der unbezahlten Arbeit der Arbeiter abschöpfen. Die Theorie der Entfremdung erläutert die Entfremdung der Arbeiter von ihrer Arbeit und ihrem Produkt im kapitalistischen System. Die Kritik der politischen Ökonomie analysiert die Funktionsweise des Kapitalismus mit Konzepten wie dem Warenfetischismus und der Kapitalakkumulation.
Die Theorien des Marxismus haben die globale politische Landschaft des 20. Jahrhunderts nachhaltig geprägt. Sie dienten als ideologische Grundlage zur Machtsicherung autoritärer, sozialistischer Regime, insbesondere in der Sowjetunion, der Volksrepublik China und der DDR. Häufig wurden abgewandelte Formen des Marxismus praktiziert, wie der Leninismus, der Trotzkismus und der von der Studentenbewegung der 1968er Jahre idealisierte Maoismus.
Karl Marx’ Ideen über Klassenkampf, Ausbeutung und gesellschaftliche Veränderungen werden mitunter als Sozialromantik abgelehnt, dennoch sind sie inzwischen durch die Frankfurter Schule tief in die sozialwissenschaftliche Theorie eingebettet und erleben, getrieben von Globalisierung und Klimawandel, eine Renaissance bei jungen Menschen.
Das Hörbuch liest der erfahrene Sprecher Carsten Wilhelm mit beachtlich markanter Stimme.
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