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La guerra de castas de Yucatán [The Yucatan Caste War]
- la historia y el legado de la última gran revuelta indígena en las Américas
- Narrated by: Dinorah Peña-Duran
- Length: 1 hr and 26 mins
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Publisher's summary
La península de Yucatán, una de las pocas penínsulas del mundo en proyectarse hacia el norte fue, ya desde su formación, lugar de hechos extraordinarios. Considerada hoy como un lugar de extraordinaria belleza natural, fue descrita como “un país muy triste” por los primeros visitantes españoles. De tierra plana sin montañas, suelo duro, clima extremo y poca vegetación, fue sin embargo la cuna de una de las más primeras civilizaciones y tal vez la más avanzada del hemisferio occidental: los mayas. Cuando los españoles “descubrieron” Yucatán, pensaron que era una isla. Aunque después se dieron cuenta de que estaba unida al país que Cortés había conquistado, no estaban muy equivocados al llamarle ínsula, considerando el espíritu aguerrido e independiente que ha caracterizado a sus habitantes, hasta la fecha. Aunque forma parte de México desde hace 170 años, en dos ocasiones, animada por el ejemplo de Texas, la península proclamó su independencia y erigió la efímera República de Yucatán. Varios gobernantes de México tuvieron que someter a la península que, a pesar de sus ansias de independencia, su estupendo comercio de altura con las capitales del mundo, y su privilegiada situación geográfica, tuvo la mala suerte de carecer de los recursos de, por ejemplo, Texas o California, que alguna vez también formaron parte de México.
Fue sobre todo el cultivo del henequén —una fibra resistente que se obtiene de un agave, útil para muchas industrias— lo que propulsó el desarrollo económico de la península, el aumento de su población y el interés de muchos capitalistas por establecerse en Mérida, una de las ciudades más bonitas de México y de América, la llamada “ciudad blanca”.
Pero Yucatán no era tierra baldía cuando los primeros náufragos españoles llegaron, maltrechos, a sus costas. Ahí encontraron a los descendientes de una antigua civilización que se negaron a ser conquistados y que, cuando terminaron sucumbiendo al acero y los gérmenes de los europeos, se negaron a asimilarse y desaparecer. A mediados del siglo XIX, cuando todos los pueblos nativos de América estaban sometidos o huyendo en pequeñas partidas de una cañada a otra, en Yucatán estalló la última gran rebelión indígena para sacudirse el dominio blanco. La llamada “Guerra de Castas” fue una guerra total, de mucho mayor dimensión que las escaramuzas con los pueblos del norte de México alrededor de la misma época. Mientras los apaches y comanches eran apenas bandas de hombres asolando caminos, vagando sin hogar, la rebelión de los mayas era, ni más ni menos, una guerra de aniquilación y reconquista de su antigua nación. Durante muchos años, grandes porciones de la península estuvieron bajo el control de estos nativos americanos, sus pasos y selvas vedados al hombre blanco. De todo el continente, sólo en Yucatán se estuvo, por un momento, a punto de dar marcha atrás a la Conquista.
Irónicamente, sería entonces que reviviría el interés por “redescubrir” la civilización maya, cuando diversas expediciones arqueológicas y científicas comenzaron a desenterrar de la jungla las ciudades, monumentos y pirámides que hacen de esta parte de México uno de los sitios más frecuentados por el turismo internacional en nuestros días.
Please note: This audiobook is in Spanish.
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