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Warum wir auf Philosophie nicht verzichten können
- Narrated by: Karl Jaspers, Ernst Bloch
- Length: 58 mins
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Publisher's summary
Karl Jaspers: Wahrheit und Wissenschaft
Sendung: 23.10.1960, SWF
Karl Jaspers, 1883-1969, war Philosoph und Psychiater, der ab 1967 Schweizer Staatsbürger wurde.
Die moderne Wissenschaft entfaltet sich im Abendland. Ihr Erkenntnisgang ist methodisch und kritisch, denn auch ihre Verfahren sind immer wieder einer Prüfung zu unterziehen. Sie ist sich nicht nur ihres Wissens, sondern auch ihrer Unwissenheit gewiss. Wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse erlangen Allgemeingültigkeit in dem Sinne, dass jeder sie nachvollziehen können muss. Die griechische Philosophie begriff den Kosmos noch als vernünftigen ganzen. Die Realität war kein Thema für sie. Erkenntnis gibt es in dreierlei Weise: erkennen, um machen zu können, dies begründet die Naturwissenschaft.
Selbsterkenntnis der menschlichen Hervorbringungen leitet die Geschichte an. Erzeugen eines inneren Handelns ist Philosophie. In jedem Bereich gibt es jedoch typische Verzerrungen, die einem Machtwillen folgen: Er verführt in der Technik zur Haltung vollständiger Machbarkeit. In der Soziologie wirkt er als Versuch einer Totalplanung von Geschichte. In der Philosophie verwandelt er Seelenlenkung und Führung in diktatorische Psychoanalyse. Wissenschaftliche Wahrheit erschöpft sich in Richtigkeit, die keinen Sprung zur Transzendenz erlaubt. Die Sacherkenntnis wird nie Seinserkenntnis, sie formuliert keine Ziele und keinen Sinn. Das bleibt der Philosophie vorbehalten.
Ernst Bloch: Ideologie und Utopie - die Welt von morgen
Sendung: 19.03.1969
Ernst Bloch, 1885-1977, war Philosoph.
Die Utopie steht im Zentrum der Überlegungen. Man sagt, etwas sei zu schön, um wahr zu sein, und meint, dass der Schein nicht mit der Realität zu vereinen sei. Wenn der Schein nicht nur individueller Betrug ist, tritt er kollektiv, als klassengebundene Ideologie auf. Verdeckt wird ein partikulares Interesse, das gegen ein öffentliches steht. Marx hat sich durch ökonomische Analyse als Ideologiekritiker hervorgetan. Ideologie ist seiner Ansicht nach mehr als Lüge, sie wird im Überbau objektive gesellschaftliche Realität. Auch Kultur gehört dieser Sphäre an, hat jedoch etwas Zwiespältiges, denn sie entwickelt einen Überschuss, der mehr als die Rechtfertigung des Gegenwärtigen bedeutet.
Dieser Überschuss besteht in etwas den jeweiligen Realitäten Vorausgreifendem, einem utopischen Gehalt, in dem das Kommende vorbezeichnet ist. Marx hat das so formuliert, dass es der historischen Situation kein Ideal aufzuzwingen gilt, sondern dass sie von dem entbunden werden muss, womit sie ohnehin schon schwanger geht. Es ist an der Philosophie, Begriff in die Utopie zu bringen, sie wird so zum Generalstab konkreter Erwartung.
In deiner Audible-Bibliothek findest du für dieses Hörerlebnis eine PDF-Datei mit zusätzlichem Material.
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