In 1852, Frederick Douglass, former slave and, by then, a leading figure in the abolitionist movement was asked by the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Association to address the group for their July 4th celebration at Corinthian Hall in Rochester, New York. The speech caused an immediate sensation and swiftly became a seminal rallying cry of the abolitionist movement in America. The audience in Rochester included none other than President Millard Fillmore.

In this article that appeared in the December 1866 issue of The Atlantic, Frederick Douglass states that no republic is safe that tolerates a privileged class or denies to any of its citizens equal rights and equal means to maintain them. The two main themes are Douglass’ criticism of President Jackson and his urgent call to extend voting rights to African Americans.

As the most famous name to join the lecture circuit renouncing slavery, Frederick Douglass abandons the image of the victim and encourages emancipation. A true supporter of self-development, Douglass preaches the importance of helping yourself before you can truly help others. In his mind, empathy and strength can only be gained once you fight your way from a slave to a man.

With this impassioned speech, abolitionist Frederick Douglass exposes the hypocritical racism of Christian churches. He shares examples of racism he’s seen or experienced in spiritual contexts, the worst being white slaveholders who used the Bible to justify slavery. As a former slave himself, Douglass had personal experience with southern preachers telling slaves that God wanted them to obey their masters. This powerful speech serves as both a historical record and a warning for modern listeners to be wary of those today who would use spirituality to manipulate others.

Sound interesting? The author thinks so too! Listen to Why Is the Negro Lynched? and learn about African American history.