How the Bible Was Formed E1 — If you’ve ever compared a Protestant Bible to a Catholic Bible, you may notice some additional books in the Catholic Bible, such as Tobit, Judith, 1 and 2 Maccabees, etc. These books, called the Deuterocanon by Catholics and the Apocrypha by Protestants, are Jewish Literature from the period after the Babylonian exile but before the time of Jesus. The Jewish people were back in the land, being ruled by Syria and other empires descended from Alexander the Great. As they read the Hebrew Bible, they created many new literary works, reflecting on stories in Scripture and what was happening in their own day. So how do we understand the status and value of these books when compared to the Hebrew Bible and New Testament? In this episode, Jon and Tim explore the background, history, and content of this Second-Temple Jewish literature.

CHAPTERS

1. Multiple Bibles on the Shelf (00:00-21:10)
2. History of the Protestant Apocrypha (21:10-34:35)
3. How Jesus and the Apostles Engaged With These Books (34:35-43:05)
4. Why We’re Talking About the Deuterocanon/Apocrypha (43:05-57:36)

OFFICIAL EPISODE TRANSCRIPT

View this episode’s official transcript.

REFERENCED RESOURCES

• The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha by James H. Charlesworth
• Old Testament Pseudepigrapha: More Noncanonical Scriptures, edited by Richard Bauckham, James Davila, Alex Panayotov
• You can view annotations for this episode—plus our entire library of videos, podcasts, articles, and classes—in the BibleProject app, available for Android and iOS.
• Check out Tim’s extensive collection of recommended books here.

SHOW MUSIC

• “Pure Joy ft. John Lee” by Lofi Sunday
• “Chillbop ft. Me & The Boys” by Lofi Sunday
• “Answered Prayers ft. PAINT WITH SOUND” by Lofi Sunday
• BibleProject theme song by TENTS

SHOW CREDITS

Production of today’s episode is by Lindsey Ponder, producer, and Cooper Peltz, managing producer. Tyler Bailey is our supervising engineer, who edited today’s episode and also provided the sound design and mix. JB Witty does our show notes, and Hannah Woo provides the annotations for our app. Our host and creative director is Jon Collins, and our lead scholar is Tim Mackie.

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The Exodus Way Q+R (E14) — What birth imagery do we find in Exodus? Are there hyperlinks elsewhere in the Bible that connect to Pharaoh’s hardened heart? And is the circumcision story with Zipporah and Moses’ son connected to Passover? In this episode, Tim and Jon respond to your questions from our Exodus Way series. Thank you to our audience for your thoughtful contributions to this episode!

View all of our resources for The Exodus Way →

CHAPTERS

1. Intro (0:00-2:27)
2. Do the seven women in Exodus mirror the seven women in Genesis? (2:27-11:31)
3. What birth imagery can we pull out of the exodus story? (11:31-24:27)
4. Are there hyperlinks elsewhere in the Bible that connect to Pharaoh’s hardened heart? (24:27-34:37)
5. Is the circumcision story with Zipporah and Moses’ son connected to Passover? (34:37-38:54)
6. How are the Passover and Yom Kippur lambs connected? (38:54-58:57)
7. Is there any connection between God’s Spirit descending on Jesus like a dove at his baptism and the dove Noah sent out of the ark? (58:50-1:07:28)

OFFICIAL EPISODE TRANSCRIPT

View this episode’s official transcript.

REFERENCED RESOURCES

• Find our special interview episode with BibleProject Fellow Tamara Knudson: The Seven Women Who Rescued Moses—and Israel
• Recovering Paul's Mother Tongue: Language and Theology in Galatians by Susan Grove Eastman
• In response to the question about God hardening Pharaoh's heart, Tim references our series on the Exodus Scroll, specifically episode 2, Yahweh and the Exodus. We also addressed this topic in the Exodus 1-18 Q+R
• Tim mentions Hebrew Bible scholars Richard Whitekettle, Jacob Milgrom, and Jonathan Klawans, though not any specific works by them.
• Jon mentions a previous episode where we discussed Zipporah and Moses’ son: Did God Try To Kill Moses?
• Lamb of the Free: Recovering the Varied Sacrificial Understandings of Jesus's Death by Andrew Remington Rillera
• You can view annotations for this episode—plus our entire library of videos, podcasts, articles, and classes—in the BibleProject app, available for Android and iOS.
• Check out Tim’s extensive collection of recommended books here.

SHOW MUSIC

• BibleProject theme song by TENTS

SHOW CREDITS

Production of today’s episode is by Lindsey Ponder, producer, and Cooper Peltz, managing producer. Tyler Bailey is our supervising engineer, who edited today’s episode and also provided the sound design and mix. JB Witty does our show notes, and Hannah Woo provides the annotations for our app. Our host and creative director is Jon Collins, and our lead scholar is Tim Mackie.

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The Exodus Way E13 (Bonus Interview) — The exodus from Egypt was a foundational story for ancient Israel, but without a special group of seven often overlooked women, the exodus would have never happened! In this episode, Jon and Tim have a conversation with BibleProject Scholarship Fellow Tamara Knudson about the seven women in Exodus 1-4 who save Moses—and by extension—all of Israel.

View all of our resources for The Exodus Way →

CHAPTERS

1. Introducing Tamara and the Seven Women of Exodus 1-4 (0:00-6:29)
2. The Two Midwives and Moses’ Mother (6:29-21:20)
3. Pharaoh’s Daughter and Moses’ Sister, Miriam (21:20-31:08)
4. Zipporah, Moses’ Wife (31:08-46:39)
5. Other Books of the Bible That Start With Women (46:39-54:54)

OFFICIAL EPISODE TRANSCRIPT

View this episode’s official transcript.

REFERENCED RESOURCES

• Read the BibleProject article that Tamara contributed to: “7 Powerful Women in the Bible Who Help Rescue God's People.”
• Tim references a previous Q+R episode, “Did God Try To Kill Moses?” where they responded to an audience member’s question about Exodus 4:24-26.
• Tamara references Carmen Imes’ Exodus Overview Classroom course.
• You can view annotations for this episode—plus our entire library of videos, podcasts, articles, and classes—in the BibleProject app, available for Android and iOS.
• Check out Tim’s extensive collection of recommended books here.

SHOW MUSIC

• “Hope in the Morning ft. CRFT & GXNXSIS” by Lofi Sunday
• “Redeemer ft. Cassidy Godwin” by Lofi Sunday
• “That Gospel ft. Bobcat” by Lofi Sunday
• “Eden Dreaming ft. sxxnt.” by Lofi Sunday
• BibleProject theme song by TENTS

SHOW CREDITS

Production of today’s episode is by Lindsey Ponder, producer, and Cooper Peltz, managing producer. Tyler Bailey is our supervising engineer, who edited today’s episode and also provided the sound design and mix. JB Witty does our show notes, and Hannah Woo provides the annotations for our app. Our host and creative director is Jon Collins, and our lead scholar is Tim Mackie. Special thanks to Tamara Knudson.

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