• Boundless Biology by Lukas Waller

  • By: Lukas Waller
  • Podcast

Boundless Biology by Lukas Waller

By: Lukas Waller
Listen for free

  • Summary

  • Ace Grade 12 University Biology (SBI4U). Content covers all nescassary knowledge of all processes and material involved in this difficult course. Hosts Lukas and Tammy will teach you this Grade 12 University Biology (SBI4U) in a format you can listen to whenever you go, weather it be on your commute, at the gym, or while studying your notes.
    Lukas Waller
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Episodes
  • 2.1 - Metabolism

    2.1 - Metabolism
    Nov 11 2024
    12 mins
  • 2.2 - Glycolysis

    2.2 - Glycolysis
    Nov 11 2024
    13 mins
  • 3.4 - CAM and C4 plants

    3.4 - CAM and C4 plants
    Nov 10 2024

    C4 Plants

    • Examples: Maize, sugarcane, sorghum.
    • Adaptation: Found in hot, dry environments to minimize photorespiration.
    • Key Enzyme: PEP carboxylase, which has a high affinity for CO₂ and does not react with O₂, reducing photorespiration.

    Pathway:

    • CO₂ + PEP (3C) → Oxaloacetate (4C) → Malate (4C).
    • Malate is transported to bundle-sheath cells, where CO₂ is released for the Calvin cycle.



    CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) Plants

    • Examples: Pineapple, cacti, succulents.
    • Adaptation: Found in arid environments; adapted to conserve water.
    • Stomata Behavior: Stomata open at night to minimize water loss.
    • Key Enzyme: PEP carboxylase, similar to C4 plants, used for initial carbon fixation at night.

    Pathway:

    • CO₂ + PEP → Oxaloacetate (4C) → Malate (4C), which is stored in vacuoles as malic acid overnight.
    • During the day, malic acid is broken down to release CO₂ for the Calvin cycle.
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    11 mins

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