In Episode 33, Kate learns about the back half of Italy's history and we get to meet our dear friend of the podcast Mussolini before listening to the anthem.

Anthem versions assessed:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNSz0_XJD4s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hNfB-unpd0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjj1-dJN2KQ

Main sources used:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Condition-of-the-Italian-kingdom

https://www.preceden.com/timelines/195122-italian-unification

https://www.preceden.com/timelines/280382-fascist-italy-timeline

https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/07/30/as-europe-reckons-with-racism-italy-still-wont-confront-its-colonial-past/

https://worldhistory.hcps.org/pages/pdf/u5lf_sr_italytimeline.pdf

For episode 32, Kate takes on Italy's early history, as the country changes hands several times and uninvited neighbours drop in for a visit.

Main sources used:

https://www.insightguides.com/destinations/europe/italy/historical-highlights
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17435616
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/07/eust.html
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/08/eustc.html
https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20111019153937351
https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Condition-of-the-Italian-kingdom

For episode 31, Aaron takes us to east Africa to learn about the history and anthem of Rwanda. Canadian fans can look forward to a surprise appearance from a beloved national icon in the fun facts section.

Pili Pili recipe: https://www.giftofhospitality.com/pili-pili-recipe/

Further sources on the Rwandan genocide:
https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/76806/life-laid-bare-by-jean-hatzfeld/
https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781429923514
https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/index.php?title=Welcome_to_Genocide_Archive_Rwanda

Anthem versions assessed:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BM2ExQCwmY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_MuyRiRM_Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFhxtHZrSDI

Main sources used:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Rwanda
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14093322
https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/rwhistory.htm

In an episode unofficially titled "Blood, Sweat and Phosphate", Kate learns about Nauru, the world's hunger for Phosphate, and what happens when you mine an entire island nation while also trying to use it as a strategic base in WWII.

Coconut Mousse recipe: https://www.internationalcuisine.com/nauru-coconut-mousse/

Great Frigate Bird picture: https://everywherewild.com/great-frigatebird-vs-magnificent-frigatebird/

Anthem versions assessed:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Jtrp7fyBHs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGqCed8rfPM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOud3DpsDE0

Main sources used:
https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/dark-history-nauru/

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15433901

https://www.britannica.com/place/Nauru/History

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5104011.pdf

https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/sep/24/australia-signs-deal-with-nauru-to-keep-asylum-seeker-detention-centre-open-indefinitely

In Episode 29, we get perhaps closer to the current day than in any other episode so far. Aaron, Kate, and Niels learn about the disputed territory of the Western Sahara, centre of an ongoing conflict and possibly the home of the world's longest minefield.

Couscous with lamb recipe: https://www.taste.com.au/recipes/15-minute-moroccan-lamb-couscous/231954af-09e9-4406-8d2a-c7aa099cbb4b

Anthem versions assessed:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMmEG7iYrRg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzWtrq6pYRA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxhVXrXBQ6s

Main sources used:
http://www.hlrn.org/english/WS%20history.pdf

https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/the-polisario-front-morocco-and-the-western-sahara-conflict/

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14115273#:~:text=Western%20Sahara%20is%20a%20sparsely,led%20by%20the%20Polisario%20Front.

https://culturesofresistancefilms.com/ws-timeline/

In Part 2, Kate learns about the Spanish civil war, Franco's dictatorship, and a street festival where everyone throws tomatoes at each other.

Bocadillo recipe:
https://spanishsabores.com/serranito-bocadillo-recipe-how-to-make-classic-spanish-sandwich/

Anthem versions assessed:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9i_PqUxcvjg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2aOXCmvFKU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-k1L-t7q3j4

Main sources used:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17955805

https://www.britannica.com/place/Spain/Primo-de-Rivera-1923-30-and-the-Second-Republic-1931-36

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/989/gallery/

https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/spain

https://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-history/m-primo-de-rivera-fall

https://www.pbs.org/tpt/dictators-playbook/episodes/francisco-franco/

Episode 27 is just the beginning of our dive into Spanish history, with the conclusion and anthem to come next week. We take a tour through the incredible evidence of prehistoric humans that can be found in the Iberian peninsula, and dash through many centuries of interactions with Phoenicians, Celts, Romans, and more.

For our 26th episode, Aaron learns about the South American nation of Argentina and strongly recommends that our audience avoids getting any of this information from the musical Evita.

Alfajores recipe:
https://prettysimplesweet.com/alfajores/

Anthem versions assessed:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEZ7IJX-euw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPgBEcvHtMA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqBC3l7i7dk

Main sources used:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Argentina
https://www.insightguides.com/destinations/south-america/argentina/historical-highlights
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-18712378
https://latinaer.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40503-019-0076-2