Get a real ear-full of information today when we talk about the 2nd most common diagnosis in the pediatric emergency department, acute otitis media (AOM)!

This episode was written by Dr. Tammy Yau and Dr. Lidia Park with content support from Dr. Lena Van der list. Drs. Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation.

Key Points:

• Ear pain with a red bulging tympanic membrane and decreased tympanic membrane mobility is our diagnosis for acute otitis media.
• AOM can be due to bacteria (S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, and Moraxella) and viruses (influenza, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus)
• Treat AOM with high dose amoxicillin (cephalexin or azithromycin if penicillin allergy) or amoxicillin-clavulanate. Avoid complications like mastoiditis or tympanic membrane perforation

Sources:

• Pediatrics 2013, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-3488
• Stat Pearls 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470332/
• World Journal of Pediatrics 2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-023-00716-8
• University of Illinois Chicago: https://dig.pharmacy.uic.edu/faqs/2022-2/december-2022-faqs/what-evidence-supports-the-recommendation-for-high-dose-amoxicillin-in-children-with-acute-otitis-media/

In today’s episode, you’ll learn how to recognize and reduce this common pediatric orthopedic injury on your own and even teach parents if needed!

This episode was written by Dr. Tammy Yau and Dr. Lidia Park with content support from Dr. Emily Andrada. Drs. Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation.

Key Points:

• Nursemaid’s elbow, subluxation of the radial head, or annular ligament displacement all refer to the same injury of the elbow that occurs most often when a child’s arm is pronated and pulled.
• Treatment of a nursemaid’s is through reduction - either by supinating and flexing the elbow (or) pronating, hyperextending, and then flexing the elbow
• Imaging is not routinely indicated for highly suspicious nursemaid’s but should be considered if you have concern for fracture

Sources:

• Pediatrics in Review 2013, https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.34-8-366
• Pediatrics 2002, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.1.171

Eur J Emerg Med 2009, https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32831d796a

Learn how research continues to change our ability to detect and treat pediatric patients with hepatitis C in today’s episode.

This episode was written by Dr. Lidia Park and Dr. Tammy Yau with content support from Dr. Daniel Dodson. Drs. Lidia and Tammy take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation.

Key Points:

• Perinatal hepatitis C exposure is the most common cause of pediatric hepatitis C infection

• NAT testing for hepatitis C RNA can be done as early as 2 months of life to detect hepatitis C infection in pediatric patients rather than waiting until 18 months of life when hepatitis C antibody testing can be done

• Hepatitis C positive moms can still breastfeed but should halt breastfeeding temporarily if breasts are cracked or bleeding

Sources:

• CDC: CDC Recommendations for Hepatitis C Testing Among Perinatally Exposed Infants and Children — United States, 2023 | MMWR

• AAP Red Book 2024: Hepatitis C