My name is Fernando Florido and I am a GP in the United Kingdom. In today’s episode I look at a real-life case to demonstrate how the guidelines could apply to it. By way of disclaimer, I am not giving medical advice; this video is intended for health care professionals and you must use your clinical judgement. The PDF version of this episode can be found here:· Colour version: https://1drv.ms/b/s!AiVFJ_Uoigq0l3MBwm5sUpEybW8r?e=xio6pz· Printer friendly version: https://1drv.ms/b/s!AiVFJ_Uoigq0l3RhABLRM2_pQQOz?e=jzuMxbThere is a YouTube version of this and other videos that you can access here:· The NICE GP YouTube Channel: NICE GP - YouTubePrescribing information links:· Website: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/diabetes-type-2/prescribing-information/dpp-4-inhibitors/· Download PDF: https://1drv.ms/b/s!AiVFJ_Uoigq0liBvuQq8_0Cd-GSz?e=NnL56J· Website: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/diabetes-type-2/prescribing-information/glp-1-receptor-agonists/· Download PDF: https://1drv.ms/b/s!AiVFJ_Uoigq0liFRycIZPaVfj-lC?e=a2QTNY Intro / outro music: Track: Halfway Through — Broke In Summer [Audio Library Release] Music provided by Audio Library Plus Watch: https://youtu.be/aBGk6aJM3IU Free Download / Stream: https://alplus.io/halfway-throughTranscriptHello everyone and welcome. My name is Fernando and I am a GP in the United Kingdom. We have looked at fictitious patients in previous episodes but, in today’s episode, I am going to look at a real diabetic case to see how the guidelines could apply to it. And as you know, we are focusing only on the pharmacological treatment. If you want to download a PDF version of this episode, the link is in the episode description. Please note that I am not giving medical advice; this is only my interpretation of the guidelines and you must use your clinical judgement Remember that there is also a Youtube version of these episodes so have a look in the episode description.Right, so let’s get straight into it. The details, which have been anonymised, belong to a real patient, so we have 46-year-old man of Asian descent with T2DM who presents with the following: HbA1c is 68 mmols/mol/8.4% (therefore poorly controlled) Cholesterol 5.9 Triglycerides 5.72 HDL 0.97 · The path lab has not calculated LDL because triglycerides >4.5 · Liver and Renal function tests are normal with an eGFR of 97 Thyroid function tests show a borderline low T4 of 9 (NR 9-19.1) and a raised TSH of 9.88 (NR 0.35-4.94 ACR normal FBC and other routine blood tests were normal. His BMI is 32, so he is obese His BP is 147/89 His PMH includes: Hypothyroidism T2DM His regular treatment is with: Levothyroxine 200mcg daily Metformin 500 mg TDS He comes to discuss his test results, feeling well in himself. His obesity is long-standing and being managed with diet and lifestyle advice. He has had hypothyroidism for 15 years and, on prompting, he says that he is feeling a little tired So, let’s have a look at the guidelines. As usual I will focus on the NICE guidelines and we will have to looks at the guidelines on type 2 diabetes, hypertension, prevention of cardiovascular disease, and hypothyroidism Let’s look at his diabetes first. Firstly, NICE says that we need to consider if rescue therapy is necessary for symptomatic hyperglycaemia with insulin or a sulfonylurea. However, he is well and asymptomatic so we do not have to do this. We see that his current dose of metformin 500 mg 3 times a day is not enough to control his diabetes. So, given that his renal function is completely normal. we should increase the dose to the maximum of 2000mg daily, that is, 1000mg twice a day. However, this is unlikely to be enough to bring his HbA1c of 68 or 8.4% to target. And let’s remember that according to NICE we should strive for the following targets: · Lifestyle management only— 48 mmol/mol (6.5%). · A single drug not associated with hypoglycaemia (such as metformin) — 48 mmol/mol (6.5%). · Drug treatment associated with hypoglycaemia (such as a sulfonylurea): 53 mmol/mol (7.0%). · Always adjust for people who are frail, elderly or with other co-morbidities This patient is young and otherwise well so we should aim to treat him aggressively. NICE says that for people not controlled on metformin alone, we should consider dual therapy but which? We need to assess the person's cardiovascular status and risk to determine whether they have chronic heart failure, established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This patient does not have heart failure or cardiovascular disease but using an online calculator, his 10-year QRISK3 score is 12%. So, being over 10%, we will consider him at high risk of developing CVD. And NICE says that if the patient is at high...
