Hi, This Week in Medicine, we will be discussing

New England Journal of Medicine

Routine Cerebral Embolic Protection during Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation

Efruxifermin in Compensated Liver Cirrhosis Caused by MASH

Journal of American Medical Association

Complete AI-Enabled Echocardiography Interpretation With Multitask Deep Learning

Annals of Internal Medicine

Risk for Stroke After Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation During Hospitalization for Other Primary Diagnoses

British Medical Journal

Effect of UK Quality and Outcomes Framework pay-for-performance programme on quality of primary care

journal of Hepatology

Histological severity, clinical outcomes and impact of antiviral treatment in indeterminate phase of chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical Gastroenterology

The Tissue Systems Pathology Test Objectively Risk-Stratifies Patients With Barrett’s Esophagus: Results From a Multicenter US Clinical Experience Study

Delayed Perforation After Endoscopic Resection of Upper Gastrointestinal Tumors: CT Findings to Identify Patients Requiring Surgery

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Antimicrobial Stewardship and Beyond: The Many Essential Roles of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists

Circulation

Lymphatic Endothelial Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolic Defects Undermine Cardiac Lymphatic Integrity and Drive HFpEF

Journals of the American College of Cardiology

Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension:

JAMA Cardiology

Asundexian or Apixaban in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation According to Prior Oral Anticoagulant UseA Subgroup Analysis of the OCEANIC-AF Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Decreased Neutrophils Are Associated With Reduced Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Incidence

Diabetes care

Cellular Versus Acellular Matrix Products for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment: The Dermagraft and Oasis Longitudinal Comparative Efficacy Study (DOLCE)—A Randomized Clinical Trial

Neurology

Noninvasive Assessment of the Risk Features of Hemorrhage in Moyamoya Disease Using 7T MRI

Chest

Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes

The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Elastance May Determine the Neuromuscular Blockade Effect on Mortality in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology

Efficacy and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients with and without Advanced CKD: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kidney International reports

Dotinurad Treatment for Patients With Hyperuricemia Complicating CKD

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New England Journal of Medicine

Phase 3 Trial of Semaglutide in Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatohepatitis

Navigational Bronchoscopy or Transthoracic Needle Biopsy for Lung Nodules

Omitting Regional Nodal Irradiation after Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

A Trial of Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole in Pregnancy to Improve Birth Outcomes

Journal of American Medical Association

Clinical Validation of a Circulating Tumor DNA–Based Blood Test to Screen for Colorectal Cancer

Annals of Internal Medicine

Effects of a Hypotension-Avoidance Versus a Hypertension-Avoidance Strategy on Neurocognitive Outcomes After Noncardiac Surgery

Lancet

Comparison of supplemental breast cancer imaging techniques—interim results from the BRAID randomised controlled trial

Journal of Clinical Oncology

Explaining the Relationships Between Age, Endocrine Therapy Persistence, and Risk of Recurrence in Hormone Receptor–Positive Early Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study

journal of Hepatology

Utility of AI digital pathology as an aid for pathologists scoring fibrosis in MASH

Gastroenterology

Human Enteric Glia Diversity in Health and Disease: New Avenues for the Treatment of Hirschsprung Disease

Clinical Gastroenterology

The Complex Relationship Between Pain, Mental Health, and Quality-of-Life in Patients With Cirrhosis Undergoing Liver Transplant Evaluation

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Association Between Delayed Broad-Spectrum Gram-negative Antibiotics and Clinical Outcomes

Rheumatology

Prevalence of Frailty and Associated Factors in a US-Wide Cohort of Rheumatic Diseases

Journals of the American College of Cardiology

Disentangling the Impact of Adiposity From Insulin Resistance in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

JAMA Cardiology

Sex-Specific Association of Myocardial Fibrosis With Mortality in Patients With Aortic Stenosis

Diabetes care

Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes and Mortality With Long-Acting Injectable and Oral Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials

Neurology

Association of Nonmodifiable Risk Factors With Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers in Community-Dwelling Adults in the ESTHER Study

Chest

Clinical Efficacy of Serum Antiglycopeptidolipid Core IgA Antibody Test for Screening Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease in Bronchiectasis

The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Impact of the CAPTURE Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Screening Tool in U.S. Primary Care: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology

Clinical Implications of Slope of GFR in Clinical Trials of CKD Progression

Kidney International reports

Nephrotic Syndrome Thromboprophylaxis With Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Vitamin K Antagonists

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New England Journal of Medicine

Sotatercept in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension at High Risk for Death

Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes

A Phase 3 Trial of Upadacitinib for Giant-Cell Arteritis

Journal of American Medical Association

Add-On Treatment With Zilebesiran for Inadequately Controlled Hypertension

The KARDIA-2 Randomized Clinical Trial

Dexmedetomidine- or Clonidine-Based Sedation Compared With Propofol in Critically Ill Patients

The A2B Randomized Clinical Trial

Annals of Internal Medicine

Trends in Utilization of Glucose- and Weight-Lowering Medications After Tirzepatide Approval in the United States

British Medical Journal

A village doctor-led mobile health intervention for cardiovascular risk reduction in rural China

Lancet

Negative pressure wound therapy versus usual care in patients with surgical wound healing by secondary intention in the UK (SWHSI-2): an open-label, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial

journal of Hepatology

Utility of AI digital pathology as an aid for pathologists scoring fibrosis in MASH

Gastroenterology

Human Enteric Glia Diversity in Health and Disease: New Avenues for the Treatment of Hirschsprung Disease

Clinical Gastroenterology

The Complex Relationship Between Pain, Mental Health, and Quality-of-Life in Patients With Cirrhosis Undergoing Liver Transplant Evaluation

Rheumatology

Exploring the Association of Sociodemographic Factors and Primary Diagnosis With Transition Readiness in Adolescents With Rheumatic Disease

Journal of Clinical Rheumatology

Association of Patient Sex With Inpatient Mortality After Elective Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis

Circulation

Exploring Integrin α5β1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Journals of the American College of Cardiology

Disentangling the Impact of Adiposity From Insulin Resistance in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

JAMA Cardiology

Clinical Phenotype and Prognosis of Asymptomatic Patients With Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloid Infiltration

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Fetal/Maternal-Determined Birth Weight and Adulthood Type 2 Diabetes and Its Subtypes: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Neurology

Stability and Accuracy of a Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease Over 10 Years

Chest

Video vs Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation After Cardiac Arrest

The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Impact of the CAPTURE Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Screening Tool in U.S. Primary Care: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology

High-Diversity Plant-Based Diet and Gut Microbiome, Plasma Metabolome, and Symptoms in Adults with CKD

Kidney International reports

Kidney Transplantation Improves Survival in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitides With End-Stage Kidney Disease

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New England Journal of Medicine

Oveporexton, an Oral Orexin Receptor 2–Selective Agonist, in Narcolepsy Type 1

Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for Children Living with HIV in Africa

Journal of American Medical Association

Dexmedetomidine- or Clonidine-Based Sedation Compared With Propofol in Critically Ill Patients: The A2B Randomized Clinical Trial

A Multidimensional Diagnostic Approach for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Annals of Internal Medicine

Comparison of Dose Escalation Versus Switching to Tirzepatide Among People With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Lower Doses of Dulaglutide

British Medical Journal

Effects of a general practitioner-led brief narrative exposure intervention on symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after intensive care (PICTURE): multicentre, observer blind, randomised controlled trial

Lancet

Efficacy and safety of topical delgocitinib cream versus oral alitretinoin capsules in adults with severe chronic hand eczema (DELTA FORCE): a 24-week, randomised, head-to-head, phase 3 trial

Gastroenterology

Mechanistic Implications of the Mediterranean Diet in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Crohn's Disease: Multiomic Results From a Prospective Cohort

Clinical Gastroenterology

The Lactulose Breath Test Can Predict Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease by Measuring Bacterial Overgrowth in the Small Intestine

Rheumatology

A Catalog of “Knee Friendly” Aerobic Exercises Developed for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: An International Patient Survey

Journal of Clinical Rheumatology

Association of Klotho and Gout in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: National Health and Nutrition Survey (2007–2016)

Circulation

Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients in the United States: A Report From the STS/ACC TVT Registry

Journals of the American College of Cardiology

Effect of Empagliflozin on the Mechanisms Driving Erythropoiesis and Iron Mobilization in Patients With Heart Failure: The EMPEROR Program

JAMA Cardiology

Long-Term Aspirin vs Clopidogrel After Coronary Stenting by Bleeding Risk and Procedural Complexity

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, MASLD and Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Diabetes care

Early Fasting Serum Glucose or Weight Reduction With Tirzepatide and Metabolic Outcomes in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SURPASS Trials

Neurology

Risk of False Acetylcholine Receptor Autoantibody Positivity by Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay in Clinical Practice

Chest

Low-Dose Melatonin for Prevention of Delirium in Critically Ill Patients

The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Population-Based Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire in Resource-Limited Settings

Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology

Predicting Kidney Outcomes in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Biomarker Analysis

Kidney International reports

Prospective Cohort Study in Alport Syndrome Patients Under Standard Therapy

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New England Journal of Medicine

Tolebrutinib in Nonrelapsing Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Tolebrutinib versus Teriflunomide in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Journal of American Medical Association

Spironolactone vs Amiloride for Resistant Hypertension

Annals of Internal Medicine

Medical, Societal, and Ethical Considerations for Directed Blood Donation in 2025

British Medical Journal

Use of gabapentinoid treatment and the risk of self-harm: population based self-controlled case series study

Lancet

Clinical presentation and epidemiological assessment of confirmed human mpox cases in DR Congo: a surveillance-based observational study

journal of Hepatology

A new generation of non-invasive tests of liver fibrosis with improved accuracy in MASLD

Gastroenterology

Physiological Data Collected From Wearable Devices Identify and Predict Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flares

Clinical Gastroenterology

Reproducibility of the AGREE II Tool for Assessing the Methodological Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Antithrombotic Agents in Patients Undergoing GI Endoscopy

Circulation

Genetic and Lifestyle Risks for Coronary Artery Disease and Long-Term Risk of Incident Dementia Subtypes

Journals of the American College of Cardiology

Ischemia on Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Predicts Efficacy of PCI: Results From the ORBITA-2 Trial

JAMA Cardiology

Trajectory of Cardiovascular Health Across Childhood and Adolescence

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Renal Protective Effect of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Diabetes care

Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone in Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of Trials of Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease

Neurology

Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large Ischemic Core Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Chest

Effect of Flow Rates of High-Flow Nasal Cannula on Extubation Outcomes

The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Clinical and Biological Features of a Thickened Basement Membrane Zone in Asthma

Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology

Dialysis Dependence in Standard versus Accelerated Initiation of KRT in AKI: A Post Hoc Analysis

Kidney International reports

Scoping Review of Kidney Patients and Providers Perspectives on Disaster Management

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First we will be discussing articles in New England Journal of Medicine

Lepodisiran — A Long-Duration Small Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a)

Identification of Hepatic-like EPO as a Cause of Polycythemia

Lentiviral Gene Therapy for Severe Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1

Mepolizumab to Prevent Exacerbations of COPD with an Eosinophilic Phenotype

Journal of American Medical Association

Midurethral Sling vs OnabotulinumtoxinA in Females With Urinary Incontinence

The MUSA Randomized Clinical Trial

Annals of Internal Medicine

Sexual Trauma, Suicide, and Overdose in a National Cohort of Older Veterans

British Medical Journal

Use of gabapentinoid treatment and the risk of self-harm

Lancet

Oral gepotidacin for the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhoea (EAGLE-1): a phase 3 randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, multicentre study

Journal of Clinical Oncology

Supervised Exercise for Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer

journal of Hepatology

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis reduces interferon and macrophage liver gene signatures in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Gastroenterology

Intestinal Epithelial Serotonin as a Novel Target for Treating Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction and Mood

Journal of Clinical Rheumatology

Salivary β2-Microglobulin, Na+, and Cortisol Levels, and Salivary Glands' Uptakes in Sialoscintigraphy in Sjögren Disease

Circulation

Nrf3-Mediated Mitochondrial Superoxide Promotes Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Impairs Cardiac Functions by Suppressing Pitx2

Journals of the American College of Cardiology

Nonlinear Relation Between Cardiac Mortality and Excess Temperature in Heatwaves: Exposure Response in 2.39 Million Patients

From JAMA Cardiology

Salt Substitution and Recurrent Stroke and DeathA Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Digital Voice Analysis as a Biomarker of Acromegaly

Chest

Treatment of Acute Circulatory Failure Based on Carbon Dioxide-Oxygen (CO2-O2) Derived Indices

The Lactel Randomized Multicenter Study

Next we will be discussing articles In the field of Nephrology

Here are the articles from Kidney International reports

Improving Blood Pressure in High-Risk Patients With CKD Using an Interdisciplinary Remote Hypertension Program

Outcomes for Patients With a Deceased Donor Kidney Offer in the New Allocation System

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New England Journal of Medicine

Efficacy and Safety of Obinutuzumab in Active Lupus Nephritis

Pulsed Field or Cryoballoon Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Fidanacogene Elaparvovec for Hemophilia B — A Multiyear Follow-up Study

Journal of American Medical Association

Use of Life Support and Outcomes Among Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units

Annals of Internal Medicine

Patterns of U.S. Firearm Injury Emergency Department Visits by Month, Day, and Time During 2018 to 2023

British Medical Journal

Firearm availability and firearm incidents: quasi-experimental analysis using start of US hunting seasons

Lancet

Effect of invitation to colonoscopy versus faecal immunochemical test screening on colorectal cancer mortality (COLONPREV): a pragmatic, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial

Journal of Clinical Oncology

Trastuzumab-Pertuzumab Plus Eribulin or Taxane as First-Line Chemotherapy for Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2–Positive Locally Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer

journal of Hepatology

PNPLA3 rs738409, environmental factors and liver-related mortality in the US population

Gastroenterology

ERBB2 Comprehensive Profiling and Prognostication in Stage III Colon Cancer: Findings From PETACC8 and IDEA-France Cohorts

Clinical Gastroenterology

Histological Outcomes of Pharmacological Interventions in Eosinophilic Esophagitis for Adults and Children: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Rheumatology

Osteoclastogenesis in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis With and Without Calcinosis Cutis

Journal of Clinical Rheumatology

Childhood Familial Mediterranean Fever in the United States: Spectrum of Clinical Phenotypes and MEFV Genotypes in a Cohort From Southeast Michigan

Circulation

Differential Associations of Cigar, Pipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Use Versus Combustible Cigarette Use With Subclinical Markers of Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Atherosclerosis: The Cross-Cohort Collaboration–Tobacco Working Group

Journals of the American College of Cardiology

Genetic Risk and First-Trimester Cardiovascular Health Predict Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Nulliparous Women

JAMA Cardiology

Treatment Strategies to Control Blood Pressure in People With Hypertension in Tanzania and LesothoA Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Efficacy and Safety of TransCon PTH in Adults With Hypoparathyroidism: 52-Week Results From the Phase 3 PaTHway Trial

Diabetes care

Longitudinal Associations of PFAS Exposure With Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function Among Hispanic Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Neurology

Investigating Whether Dissemination in Time Is Essential to Diagnose Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Chest

Sarcoidosis Treatment Patterns in the United States

he American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Nasal High Flow to Modulate Dyspnea in Orally Intubated Patients

Kidney International reports

Randomized Trial of Lower-Dose Roxadustat Efficacy and Safety in Non–Dialysis-Dependent CKD-Associated Anemia

Open-Label, Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial on the Effect of Dapagliflozin in Patients With ADPKD Receiving Tolvaptan

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New England Journal of Medicine

Extended Reduced-Dose Apixaban for Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism

Endovascular Treatment for Stroke Due to Occlusion of Medium or Distal Vessels

Endovascular Treatment of Stroke Due to Medium-Vessel Occlusion

Dapagliflozin in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation

Assessment of a Polygenic Risk Score in Screening for Prostate Cancer

Journal of American Medical Association

Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in 10 US States

Annals of Internal Medicine

Insurer-Level Estimates of Revenue From Differential Coding in Medicare Advantage

British Medical Journal

Evolution of reported patient and public involvement over time in randomised controlled trials in major medical journals and in their protocols

Lancet

Effect of digital adherence technologies on treatment outcomes in people with drug-susceptible tuberculosis: four pragmatic, cluster-randomised trials

Cancer Journal for Clinicians

Cancer statistics for African American and Black people, 2025

Journal of Clinical Oncology

Minimal Residual Disease–Based End Point for Accelerated Assessment of Clinical Trials in Multiple Myeloma: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Patient Data From Multiple Randomized Trials

journal of Hepatology

Association of metabolic signatures of air pollution with MASLD: Observational and Mendelian randomization study

Gastroenterology

Glepaglutide, a Long-Acting Glucagon-like Peptide-2 Analogue, Reduces Parenteral Support in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome: A Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Gastroenterology

Histological Outcomes of Pharmacological Interventions in Eosinophilic Esophagitis for Adults and Children: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Rheumatology

Safety of Avacopan for the Treatment of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis: Combined Data From Three Clinical Trials

Journal of Clinical Rheumatology

Age-Related Differences Between Juvenile and Adult Autoimmune Inflammatory Myopathies

Circulation

Evidence-Based Application of Natriuretic Peptides in the Evaluation of Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in the Ambulatory Outpatient Setting

Journals of the American College of Cardiology

Cardiac Troponins and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction: An Individual-Participant-Data Meta-Analysis

JAMA Cardiology

Default Bulk Ordering and Text Messaging to Enhance Outreach for Lipid ScreeningA Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

MBX 2109, A Once-Weekly Parathyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy Prodrug: Phase 1, First-In-Human, Randomized Trial

Diabetes care

Diabetes Risk After Treatment for Childhood and Young Adult Cancer

Neurology

Neurodegeneration and Demyelination in the Multiple Sclerosis Spinal Cord: Clinical, Pathological, and 7T MRI Perspectives

Chest

Estimation of Expiratory Function in Infants With Passive Expiration From Total Lung Capacity

The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Temporal Exploration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Phenotypes: Insights from the COPDGene and SPIROMICS Cohorts

Kidney International reports

Real-Life Data of 2-Year Lumasiran Use in the DAILY-LUMA Cohort

Systematic Review of the Effects of Iron on Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Safety Outcomes in Patients With CKD