
Free Agents
How Evolution Gave Us Free Will
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Narrated by:
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Kevin J. Mitchell
About this listen
This audiobook narrated by neuroscientist Kevin Mitchell presents an evolutionary case for the existence of free will.
Scientists are learning more and more about how brain activity controls behavior and how neural circuits weigh alternatives and initiate actions. As we probe ever deeper into the mechanics of decision making, many conclude that agency—or free will—is an illusion. In Free Agents, leading neuroscientist Kevin Mitchell presents a wealth of evidence to the contrary, arguing that we are not mere machines responding to physical forces but agents acting with purpose.
Traversing billions of years of evolution, Mitchell tells the remarkable story of how living beings capable of choice emerged from lifeless matter. He explains how the emergence of nervous systems provided a means to learn about the world, granting sentient animals the capacity to model, predict, and simulate. Mitchell reveals how these faculties reached their peak in humans with our abilities to imagine and to be introspective, to reason in the moment, and to shape our possible futures through the exercise of our individual agency. Mitchell’s argument has important implications—for how we understand decision making, for how our individual agency can be enhanced or infringed, for how we think about collective agency in the face of global crises, and for how we consider the limitations and future of artificial intelligence.
An astonishing journey of discovery, Free Agents offers a new framework for understanding how, across a billion years of Earth history, life evolved the power to choose and why this matters.
©2023 Kevin J. Mitchell (P)2023 Princeton University PressListeners also enjoyed...
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“If you believe that free will is an illusion, you will change your mind after reading this irresistible book. Mitchell tells the epic story of the evolution of life from its origins to the emergence of purposeful behavior as you have never heard it before. He forcefully counters reductionism and makes a compelling case for agency as the central condition of living beings.”—Uta Frith, coauthor of What Makes Us Social?
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Story
Equal parts Sapiens, Behave, and Superintelligence, but wholly original in scope, A Brief History of Intelligence offers a paradigm shift for how we understand neuroscience and AI. Artificial intelligence entrepreneur Max Bennett chronicles the five “breakthroughs” in the evolution of human intelligence and reveals what brains of the past can tell us about the AI of tomorrow.
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Flawed fundamental assumptions, good function rvw
- By Duane Leet on 06-01-24
By: Max S. Bennett
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Conscious
- A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind
- By: Annaka Harris
- Narrated by: Annaka Harris
- Length: 2 hrs and 22 mins
- Unabridged
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This mind-expanding dive into the mystery of consciousness is an illuminating meditation on the self, free will, and felt experience.
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Perhaps a better definition?
- By Eratosthenes on 06-19-19
By: Annaka Harris
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Everything Is Predictable
- How Bayesian Statistics Explain Our World
- By: Tom Chivers
- Narrated by: Tom Chivers
- Length: 8 hrs and 7 mins
- Unabridged
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At its simplest, Bayes’s theorem describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event. But in Everything Is Predictable, Tom Chivers lays out how it affects every aspect of our lives. He explains why highly accurate screening tests can lead to false positives and how a failure to account for it in court has put innocent people in jail. A cornerstone of rational thought, many argue that Bayes’s theorem is a description of almost everything. But who was the man who lent his name to this theorem?
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I was looking forward to this. What a disappointment.
- By Alessandro Fadini on 06-28-24
By: Tom Chivers
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The Case Against Reality
- Why Evolution Hid the Truth from Our Eyes
- By: Donald Hoffman
- Narrated by: Timothy Andrés Pabon
- Length: 8 hrs and 43 mins
- Unabridged
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Challenging leading scientific theories that claim that our senses report back objective reality, cognitive scientist Donald Hoffman argues that while we should take our perceptions seriously, we should not take them literally. How can it be possible that the world we see is not objective reality? And how can our senses be useful if they are not communicating the truth? Hoffman grapples with these questions and more over the course of this eye-opening work.
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Don't buy - visual examples missing, no pdf
- By Richard Pickett on 08-26-19
By: Donald Hoffman
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Waves in an Impossible Sea
- How Everyday Life Emerges from the Cosmic Ocean
- By: Matt Strassler
- Narrated by: Christopher Grove
- Length: 11 hrs and 31 mins
- Unabridged
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In Waves in an Impossible Sea, physicist Matt Strassler tells a startling tale of elementary particles, human experience, and empty space. He begins with a simple mystery of motion. When we drive at highway speeds with the windows down, the wind beats against our faces. Yet our planet hurtles through the cosmos at 150 miles per second, and we feel nothing of it. How can our voyage be so tranquil when, as Einstein discovered, matter warps space, and space deflects matter? The answer, Strassler reveals, is that empty space is a sea, albeit a paradoxically strange one.
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No pdf
- By Mark on 01-14-25
By: Matt Strassler
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Eve
- How the Female Body Drove 200 Million Years of Human Evolution
- By: Cat Bohannon
- Narrated by: Cat Bohannon
- Length: 15 hrs and 54 mins
- Unabridged
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Why do women live longer than men? Why do women have menopause? Why are women more likely to get Alzheimer’s? Why do girls score better at every academic subject than boys until puberty, when suddenly their scores plummet? And does the female brain really exist? In Eve, Cat Bohannon answers questions scientists should have been addressing for decades. With boundless curiosity and sharp wit, she covers the past 200 million years to explain the specific science behind the development of the female sex.
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Stronger on reproductive bio, flimsy on sexuality
- By curiouscolugo on 12-20-23
By: Cat Bohannon
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Being You
- A New Science of Consciousness
- By: Anil Seth
- Narrated by: Anil Seth
- Length: 9 hrs and 46 mins
- Unabridged
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What does it mean to “be you” - that is, to have a specific, conscious experience of the world around you and yourself within it? There may be no more elusive or fascinating question. Historically, humanity has considered the nature of consciousness to be a primarily spiritual or philosophical inquiry, but scientific research is now mapping out compelling biological theories and explanations for consciousness and selfhood.
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Not engaging, nothing new
- By Tristan on 11-22-21
By: Anil Seth
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I Am a Strange Loop
- By: Douglas R. Hofstadter
- Narrated by: Greg Baglia
- Length: 16 hrs and 47 mins
- Unabridged
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One of our greatest philosophers and scientists of the mind asks where the self comes from - and how our selves can exist in the minds of others. I Am a Strange Loop argues that the key to understanding selves and consciousness is the "strange loop" - a special kind of abstract feedback loop inhabiting our brains. The most central and complex symbol in your brain is the one called "I". The "I" is the nexus in our brain, one of many symbols seeming to have free will and to have gained the paradoxical ability to push particles around, rather than the reverse.
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The Self That Wasn't There
- By SelfishWizard on 01-09-19
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Fooled by Randomness
- The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets
- By: Nassim Nicholas Taleb
- Narrated by: Sean Pratt
- Length: 10 hrs and 3 mins
- Unabridged
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This audiobook is about luck, or more precisely, how we perceive and deal with luck in life and business. It is already a landmark work, and its title has entered our vocabulary. In its second edition, Fooled by Randomness is now a cornerstone for anyone interested in random outcomes.
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Pass on this one and read The Black Swan
- By Wade T. Brooks on 06-25-12
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Why We Remember
- Unlocking Memory's Power to Hold on to What Matters
- By: Charan Ranganath PhD
- Narrated by: Mark Deakins, Charan Ranganath PhD
- Length: 7 hrs and 18 mins
- Unabridged
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A new understanding of memory is emerging from the latest scientific research. In Why We Remember, pioneering neuroscientist and psychologist Charan Ranganath radically reframes the way we think about the everyday act of remembering. Combining accessible language with cutting-edge research, he reveals the surprising ways our brains record the past and how we use that information to understand who we are in the present, and to imagine and plan for the future.
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An exceptionally engaging survey of memory processes, structure, and use
- By roundtrip on 04-22-25
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The Many Hidden Worlds of Quantum Mechanics
- By: Sean Carroll, The Great Courses
- Narrated by: Sean Carroll
- Length: 11 hrs and 51 mins
- Original Recording
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In a field known for startling ideas, the Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics may take the prize. It holds that parallel to our own world are a large number of other universes, almost identical to ours but with small variations. Copies of each of us inhabit a myriad of these worlds. But they are not us exactly; they share our past history, but they are different people who have unique futures. Although these realms are invisible and can’t communicate with each other, prominent physicists are convinced they must exist.
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Sean Carroll always has such amazing content
- By Amazon Customer on 12-26-23
By: Sean Carroll, and others
What listeners say about Free Agents
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- Dean Lyon
- 03-26-24
Makes sense
I really enjoyed this book and very glad it was written. I recently read Determined, a book arguing that we have no free will. This book provides an eloquent and substantive counterpoint, and rings much more true, in my opinion. I really like how grounded in evolution it is, as nothing in biology makes sense without it. I am interested in reading everything this author has written as his thinking and writing is clear and his thoughts deep.
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- Donna
- 08-19-24
Excellent non religious explication
A thorough exploration from chemistry, to cells to organisms. The accounting for indeterminacy, causation, memory, and choice is very helpful.
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- Amazon Customer
- 09-07-24
I chose to listen to this breath of fresh air
Very thoughtful defense of free will. As a software engineer, I look forward to using the book as a bluepint for Skynet.
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- Istvan
- 05-11-24
Best argument against the free will.
I listened to this book to find the best arguments for having free will. I started out convinced that we do not have it and that because of that fact you should show compassion to everyone because their actions can not be helped. After the book I am even more convinced of this. Although the author will strongly disagree with me. I find his structured layout of evolution, is a very good reason to not fault anyone for their "choices" because it all depends on previous experience.
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1 person found this helpful
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- Amazon Customer
- 10-13-24
Unconvincing, but worthwhile
The first few chapters of this book are quite weak. The author analyzes early life forms, which is not really necessary to his main thesis, and then jumps into quantum mechanics to claim the universe is not fully determined. Even if true, quantum events are limited to the microscale, so they have little to do with macroscopic creatures like us deciding anything.
From there, the author goes to noise in the brain (which, again, has no apparent connection to quantum mechanics and is therefore fully determined) to describe how the brain makes decisions. That is the very strong part of the book. It is also clearly the author's specialty and I wish he would have stuck closer to it.
The main idea comes down to William James' notion of "two stage" free will. That can be summarized as, "thoughts come to us freely, decisions flow from us willfully." In other words, the "freedom" in free will lies in the choices that appear to us (which is based on our life histories as well as noisy events in the brain), while decisions stem from a "competition" between neurons that depends on our goals and expected values. I found this thesis very convincing, even if it does not refute determinism in any way.
Overall, I recommend the book for the central idea, which is genuinely insightful, even if surrounded by unconvincing material.
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- Jacob S.
- 04-10-24
The best treatment of Free Will available today.
This book is an evolution of the long-held discussion of Free Will and Determinism. Firstly, as someone who enjoys science, this was a joy to read. "The story of Free Will is the story of Life" states the author, and beautifully moves through the related history of both.
If you've read Sapolsky or Dennet or Harris on free will, this will be an excellent rebuttal. If you've had a sense that they were missing something key about the nature of free will, this is a fleshed-out answer to their ignorance.
Dr. Mitchell puts muscle and bone to a framework that successfully synapses a hopeful response to a seemingly mechanistic universe. He does so with scientific rigor that is also free of unnecessary superstition or mysticism. This book is a triumph of thought and scholarship.
I'm grateful to have found this read, and for the author's courage and talent in bringing it to being. You will be too.
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2 people found this helpful
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- Brad Caldwell
- 10-10-23
Adding Clarity to Agency
Agency is one of those topics that has proved nebulous and therefore prone to unrealistic simplifications like Cartesian Dualism (the self is a ghost steering neural activity separate from the brain) or reduction (you have no agency).
After listening to his audiobook, my takeaway is this: life is the structuring of an organism to take actions that preserve it. And for more complex life, we are structured to have a whole hierarchy of modifiable goals to drive behavior.
Decisions often take time, as we contemplate scenarios, payoff, and risks.
Planets have no agency - they succumb to the laws of physics. Life has agency because it has built into itself the use of the laws of physics to obey goals that it sets in place, and which can be refined by the experience within a lifetime.
I like his double reference to agency being like a helix or slinky through time - the agent's actions updating the environment which updates the agent's next move, etc. I like this because my own idea is that the perceptual spacetime in which stimuli are depicted to the 'self' network is drawn or referenced by a 'helix' tracing (for traveling/staggered unified brain activity; or 'frames' for standing waves of unified brain activity).
There are a ton of excellent ideas in this book, including the idea that primary cortices may serve two functions simultaneously (one, process the incoming stimuli; two, hold onto current context of consciousness and link it to incoming stimuli as needed/desired).
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- quinet
- 01-08-24
Best book out there on many topics
Terrific detailed and well-supported explanation of how living creatures evolve agency - and much more
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1 person found this helpful
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- Seth K
- 04-10-24
wants his cake
so his basic argument is dualism is absurd - free will must emerg from the physical systems we comprise. but a complex physical system can be more than the sum of its parts so we can be confident "we" exert free will from some kind of top down structural influence which he calls "meaning". what? no support or explanation for what that mechanism is.
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- Tom
- 07-19-24
A strong case is made.
I particularly liked his refutations of the arguments against Free Will in the choices Humans make. The cases of those who would reduce us to Robots enslaved to a life of biologically or genetically pre-determined actions are effectively dismantled in the later chapters.
While he does occasionally drag us into the weeds of Evolution, for the most part Mitchell has created arguments that can be easily followed by the Layman. Four Stars. ****
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